مقالات انگلیسی حوزه شفافیت

Do Freedom of Information laws increase the transparency of government?

A pre-registered replication of a field experiment

Stephan Grimmelikhuijsen et.al.
Journal of Behavioral Public Administration
2018

Abstract:
Transparency is a core value of democratic governments, yet do Freedom of Information laws – one of the central legal basis for this value – actually help increase it? This paper reports a pre-registered replication of a field experiment testing for the responsiveness of public authorities to information requests carried out by Worthy et al. (2017) in the United Kingdom. We sent 390 information requests to Dutch local government bodies, half of which were framed as official FOIA requests, the other half as informal requests for information. We were able to reproduce the original findings; that is, we found a positive effect of FOIA requests on responsiveness. The overall response rate of local governments was much higher (76%) and the size of the effect was larger than in the original experiment. Furthermore, the strongest effect of FOI was found on proactive disclosure (concordance), something that governments are not obliged to do according to the Dutch FOIA. Implications and an agenda for systematic replication for future studies is presented.

Do_Freedom_of_Information_Laws_Increase_Transparen.pdf (1015.7 کیلوبایت)

Transparency and Openness in Government: A System Dynamics Perspective

ponencia_ICEGOV_20112013_10_0215_24_11UTC.pdf (761.4 کیلوبایت)

1 پسندیده

Is Transparency A Lever for Effective Democracy?

Bashir Ghanim
Abstract:
Transparency is a growing demand of the public from government authorities who
responsible of the money of the public. The effectiveness of public agencies depends not
only on outputs and results, but also on the level of support, trust and public satisfaction
from the public sector. Only by relation to these two components together through policy
and action will increase the effectiveness of the public sector.
This article will discuss public transparency and why it is essential to the mechanisms of
democracy.

لینک دانلود مقاله

1 پسندیده

Government transparency: Are we better off than a decade ago?

Graph 1 presents a rather alarming picture. The horizontal axis reports the answers of the executives on a scale from 0 to 10 in 2007. The vertical axis conveys the perceptions for 2017. The red line represents the 45 degree curve. If the executives of a country perceive that the government transparency has been equally satisfactory in 2007 and 2017, then the country will be in the 45° red line.
graph1

Graph 2 depicts the relationship between transparency and the most recent e-government index. No clear relationship can be identified. Compare, for instance, Switzerland and Slovenia, two countries, which for the same approximate level of e-government, enjoy substantially different levels of transparency. The correlation coefficient is 0.54.
graph2

Graph 3 illustrates the relationship between transparency of government policy and the most recent e-participation index provided by the UN. The graph shows that, for the time being at least, e-participation does not relate with transparency and therefore it would be difficult to have any effect on it. Again, compare Norway and Brazil, which for the same approximate level of e-participation exhibit quite different levels of transparency. The correlation coefficient at 0.32 suggests two variables that have almost no relationship.
graph3

متن کامل گزارش

1 پسندیده

Is Transparency an Anti-Corruption Myth?

Cameron Murray

University of Queensland

Paul Frijters

Queensland University of Technology - School of Economics and Finance

Markus Schaffner

Queensland University of Technology

Date Written: March 18, 2017

Abstract

We look at the effect of transparency on the incidence of costly back-scratching in a laboratory setting by implementing player identification via photographs. In our experimental design players have an incentive to form bilateral alliances in which they favour their partner at the expense of others. We find no improvement in overall group payoffs from transparency. A plausible story that fits our results is that there may be two countervailing forces at play. First, more rapid alliance formation due to social cues from the photographs being used as a coordination device to facilitate faster alliance formation between some players. Second, shorter alliances due to prosocial forces at the group level. We draw out lessons for policy makers about the limits of transparency in curtailing “grey” types of corruption.

منبع

1 پسندیده

https://www.foreignaffairs.com/articles/united-states/2019-04-16/dark-side-sunlight?cid=otr-pitch-the_dark_side_of_sunlight-050319&utm_source=Digest&utm_campaign=d0966e12d5-RSS_EMAIL_CAMPAIGN&utm_medium=email&utm_term=0_d90a01c7ff-d0966e12d5-87703645

2 پسندیده

https://www.law.columbia.edu/public-integrity/governance-and-public-transparency-brazil

governance_and_public_transparency_the_brazilian_case.pdf (384.1 کیلوبایت)

2 پسندیده

Transparency and mistrust: Who or what should be made transparent?

London School of Economics and Political Science

It is increasingly recognized in public administration that the relationship between trust and transparency is not straightforward. Recently, right-wing populists have risen to power, rejecting transparency requirements based on documents while claiming that they “hide nothing.” Clearly, existing scholarly conceptualizations are insuffi- cient for understanding how transparency operates as a value in real-world political contestation. An analysis of state- and national-level politics in Nigeria reveals that, while always retaining a core informational component, there are multiple competing conceptions of transparency. Popular demands for transparency express a belief that not only should data be made transparent, but also the social networks in which politicians are embedded. “Transparency in people” can clash with more traditional, technocratic transparency practices centered on data. By rethinking who or what should be made transparent—data, things, or people—this article offers fresh theoretical insights on the complex politics of transparency and trust.

دریافت فایل.pdf (1.7 مگابایت)

2 پسندیده

Lights on the shadows of public procurement: Transparency as an antidote to corruption

The increased focus on marketizing mechanisms and contracting-out operations following the New Public Man- agement reform agenda has sparked a debate on whether the close interactions between public and private actors might drive corruption in the public sector. The main response to those worries has been increased transparency, but so far empirical evidence of its efficiency remains scant and mixed. This article argues that the beneficial effects of transparency on corruption are contingent on type of transparency, and in particular, who the intended receiver of the information is. Drawing on newly collected data of more than 3.5 million government contracts between 2006 and 2015, the analysis shows that overall tender transparency reduces corruption risks substantially, yet that the effect is largely driven by ex ante transparency, that is, transparency that allows for hori- zontal monitoring by insiders in the bidding process.

دریافت فایل.pdf (3.2 مگابایت)

2 پسندیده

دموکراسی و شفافیت اقتصادی دولتهای محلی …

10-1108_MEDAR-08-2019-0539.pdf (196.2 کیلوبایت)

Defining transparency movements

Abstract

A considerable amount of research is devoted toward various types of transparency movements such as open government, open data and open access. This is the first theoretical attempt to overview and define the larger phenomenon of transparency movements, appearing as ideologies of openness mobilizing digital resources.


Definingtransparencymovements (2).pdf (743.2 کیلوبایت)

https://www.researchgate.net/publication/325170696_Defining_transparency_movements

2 پسندیده

image

https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/15309576.2019.1691025
5_30_2020_A Systemat.pdf (2.9 مگابایت)

3 پسندیده

1 پسندیده


https://sci-hub.tw/https://doi.org/10.1177%2F0974686220110105

4 پسندیده

The Impact of Transparency in the Fight Against Corruption

The_Impact_of_Transparency_in_the_Fight_Against_Co.pdf (310.9 کیلوبایت)

3 پسندیده

Transparency in Local Governments in Korea

3396956.3396998.pdf (424.4 کیلوبایت)

2 پسندیده

Transparency of Public Decision-Making: Towards Trust in Local Government?

image

2010.GrimmelikhuijsenPITransparencyofPublicDecision-MakingPolicyandInternet.pdf (307.9 کیلوبایت)

1 پسندیده

Transparency-by-design as a foundation for open government

image

10-1108_TG-02-2017-0015.pdf (192.0 کیلوبایت)

سایر مقالات این ویژه نامه

1 پسندیده

1. Policy - Transparency

Definition

The public is easily able to locate, understand and use information about government activities, for instance: decision making, policy formulation, service provision, results. Governments ensure full transparency of their actions, processes and data, and information is published in a complete, open, understandable, easily-accessible, and free format.

Transparency can be proactive (e.g. actively publishing data and information of government processes and actions) and reactive (e.g. responding to Freedom of Information requests).

Before

Steps you should consider:

Make information about the policy process public as soon as possible using, for instance, blogs, announcements, social media or websites, to publish:

  • white papers
  • policy proposals
  • feasibility assessments
  • analyses
  • case studies
  • lessons learnt
  • timelines
  • stakeholder lists (including lobbyists and informal groups)
  • anticipated budgets
  • procurement data

During

Steps you should consider:

  1. Accurately capture the process of developing your project/policy.
  2. Ensure the decision-making journey is available online in a timely manner, with opportunities for public input and feedback clearly marked.
  3. Publish original documents and details of the meetings held (e.g. minutes and readouts, or a list of key issues discussed). If running external consultations, capture and publish all activities and outcomes, and make them available to the public (if information and data is not sensitive, e.g. defined as GDPR or FOI exceptions).
  4. Publish an aggregated statistical overview of the engagement (e.g. 10 roundtables with 60 stakeholders, 15 of whom were from the government, 30 from the civil society groups and 15 from the private sector).

After

Steps you should consider:

  1. Make evaluation reports and next steps public.
  2. Consider publishing reports in different formats to make them accessible to different groups of people (e.g. pdf, doc, and html formats).
  3. Any data (with the exception of personal and sensitive data) generated during the project should be made publicly available on gov.uk in an open, machine-readable format.
  4. Stick to the timeline of publishing this data, and be clear if there are any delays.

https://www.gov.uk/government/publications/open-government-playbook/open-government-playbook-html-version

1 پسندیده