مفهوم data trust از جمله مواردی است که در سیاست‌گذاری داده مورد توجه قرار می‌گیرد.
آن‌طور که از مرور مطالب برمی‌‌آید، data trust مفهومی نوپاست که هنوز تعریف ثابت و جامع مورد وفاق بین‌المللی ندارد و در عرصه‌های مختلف تعابیر مختلفی نسبت به آن شده است.
در این تاپیک تلاش می‌کنیم با مرور مطالب منتشر شده پیرامون data trust به تعریف مناسبی از آن دست یابیم.
به خاطر داشته باشیم که این مفهوم در چارچوب مفهوم سطح بالاتر، حکمرانی داده، معنای ملموس‌تری دارد: حکمرانی داده - Data Governance
موسسه‌ی ODI در مطلبی به بررسی نگاه‌ها و تعاریف مختلف data trust پرداخته است. در ادامه به مرور این مطلب می‌پردازیم.
What is a data trust?
At a very high level, the aim of data trusts appears to be to give people and organisations confidence when enabling access to data in ways that provide them with some value (either directly or indirectly) in return.
we’ve found different interpretations of the term ‘data trust’:
A data trust as a repeatable framework of terms and mechanisms.
A data trust as a mutual organisation.
A data trust as a legal structure.
A data trust as a store of data.
A data trust as public oversight of data access.
A useful and consistent definition of a data trust might ultimately be a combination of parts from the different interpretations. For example, a data trust could be a repeatable framework of terms and mechanisms that is mandated for use (or subject to scrutiny, or certification) in particular contexts to provide oversight of data access. Or it could be a store of data underpinned by a legal trust (in fact, this is what Trūata already is). In general, the term seems to be used to describe a bundle of choices related to different aspects of data access, such as purpose, governance and technology.
A data trust as a repeatable framework of terms and mechanisms, however, does seem different in nature to the other interpretations. It appears to describe the process of using the data trust as much as the data trust itself. We think of there being three elements to this interpretation: 1) the repeatable framework, 2) the process of applying or adopting it in a particular context, and 3) the resultant relationship.
پیمایشی در بریتانیا انجام شده پیرامون این که شهروندان با چه دلایلی راضی می‌شوند/ نمی‌شوند که داده‌های خود را در اختیار دیگران/ بخش خصوصی/ دولت قرار داهند.
از جمله نتایج این پیمایش:
People were more comfortable knowing that data about them is shared with local councils or other public services if it has a positive impact or improves society. People were most comfortable sharing data about them: to better understand fire or other health and safety risks (58%); to use for planning public services (47%): and to help local councils understand the availability of local housing available to rent or buy (45%).
Half of the respondents (50%) would be happy to share data about them to ensure that hosts are paying the right level of tax, and 56% would do so to ensure that both guests and hosts are complying with local laws.
The biggest draw for people were preferential rates and discounts (37%), having a wider choice of platforms (28%) and having access to properties that met their specific needs (22%). Two-fifths (40%) of people surveyed would not share information about themselves to get better access to perks and offers.
این نوشته از 5 نوع حق داده‌ای مختلف نام برده که قابل توجه است:
There are five types of overlapping rights over data in legislation:
IP (intellectual property) rights
data protection rights
data access rights for people and businesses
government’s right to data to carry out its democratic responsibilities
citizen’s rights to data about their governments
Intellectual property rights (IPR) grant controls to data creators and maintainers. They were invented to encourage people to innovate by ensuring they can benefit financially from the intangible assets they create.
Data protection rights give controls to individuals to allow or prevent the collection and use of data. They are designed to enforce human rights, primarily the right of privacy, and have been strengthened as use and capability of technology has advanced.
Data access rights aim to encourage competition and innovation by giving individuals and organisations the right to access data within a defined framework. The GDPR and DPA both contain rights of data access and portability for individuals.
Governments have rights to data to allow them to perform their democratic responsibilities to their citizens. For example, health services
Citizens have rights to data held by governments to allow them to perform their democratic responsibilities by scrutinising government and holding them to account. These rights also provide access to data infrastructure controlled by the public sector.
